Hydrogen fuel cell modeling and efficiency improvement approaches

Energy consumption and the use of sustainable energy sources are of great importance for the economic independence and environmental stability of countries. In countries like Turkey, which are heavily dependent on energy imports, the use of domestic and renewable energy sources is a crucial requirement. Hydrogen's low carbon emissions and environmentally friendly nature have also drawn attention under international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol. However, hydrogen's low energy density and storage challenges are key factors limiting the widespread adoption of this technology. Proton Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMMFCs) are one of the most commonly used types of fuel cells. PEMMFCs operate at low temperatures (60-80°C) and are widely used, particularly in the automotive sector, due to their compact structure. Their main components are a polymer membrane that provides proton conductivity, a platinum-based catalyst, and gas diffusion electrodes. While challenges in storing and utilizing hydrogen energy persist, innovative storage methods and cost reductions could enable hydrogen to play a significant role in sustainable energy production. Simulations on the cost-effectiveness of Proton Exchange Membrane (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane: PEM) fuel cells, particularly those using platinum-based catalysts, will enable the development of more affordable and efficient fuel cells. This thesis focuses on the importance of the air-inlet oxygen ratio in increasing the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells under different loads. It has been shown that at high loads, the air-inlet oxygen ratio increases the efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell by 10-15%.